The responsible breeder is obliged to prepare the bitch for the future maternity by conducting antihelminthic therapy (deworming) and vaccination against infectious diseases a month before the expected estrus. At the same time, born puppies with the first portion of breast milk (colostrum) receive the most important basis of passive clostral immunity — ready-made antibodies that protect them during infancy. Thanks to this natural mechanism, the suckling puppies are safe from viruses and bacteria. Continue reading →